 หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Correlation and Path Analysis of Palm Oil Yield Components in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)) ผู้เขียน: Sudanai Krualee, Sayan Sdoodee, Theera Eksomtramage, Vinich Sereeprasert สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThis research aimed to evaluate the correlation coefficients, direct effects and indirect effects of agronomic characters on palm oil yield components for selection and improvement of next-generation oil palm populations. The seven crosses of oil palms aged 4 yr were investigated at three locations in southern Thailand. The experiment at each location was designed as a completely randomized design with five replications. Data on bunch yield, yield components and bunch components were collected from July 2009 to June 2010. Combined analysis was used to estimate the variance and covariance for the calculation of correlation coefficient and path coefficient values. The results showed that the bunch yield, single weight, fresh mesocarp per fruit and fruit per bunch had positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient values with regard to palm oil yield (1.03, 0.93, 1.70, 0.13 and 0.85, 0.56, 0.32, 0.34, respectively). The path analysis indicated that the bunch yield, fresh mesocarp per fruit and fruit per bunch had a positive direct effect on both the genotype and phenotype of palm oil yield (1.32, 0.68, 0.27 and 0.94, 0.20, 0.31, respectively). Although, the single weight had a positive correlation coefficient value for both genotype and phenotype, it had a negative direct genotypic and phenotypic effect on palm oil yield. Therefore, palm oil yield improvement should be considered especially in terms of the bunch yield, fresh mesocarp per fruit and fruit per bunch, because these characters had high, positive direct genotypic and phenotypic effects on palm oil yield. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Effect of Seed Quality on Field Emergence and Seedling Performance of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)) ผู้เขียน:Vichai Wongvarodom, Wipharat Duang-iat, Wullop Santipracha, Sayan Sdoodee สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe effect of seed quality on the emergence and seedling growth performance of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) was studied. Seven seed samples of various initial quality levels of the RRIM 600 clone were collected from various rubber plantations in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung and Songkhla provinces, southern Thailand in 2012 and 2013. The seeds were tested for quality and filed sown to investigate the emergence and growth potential of seedlings using the seedling stem diameter, seedling height and leaf number at 6 mth after germination. The results showed that rubber seeds with germination of 85.50% gave a field emergence of 60.50%, whereas the lower quality seeds (50.50–72.50% germination) had field emergence levels of only 27.00–40.00%. The high quality seeds provided the best growth potential under field conditions based on the seedling stem diameter, seedling height and leaf number at 6 mth after planting with values of 1.17 cm, 118.90 cm and 13.10 leaves, respectively. A comparison among the different quality seeds revealed significant reductions in the performance of seedling characteristics such as seedling stem diameter, seedling height and leaf number, respectively. Therefore, high quality seeds with over 85% germination were recommended for rootstock production and to ensure high seedling performance under field conditions. However, using lower 70% germination rubber seeds resulted in a lower plant population by 20–30% and slower growth than from the high quality seeds. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : First Tests of “Double Cut Alternative” Rubber Tapping System in Southern Thailand) ผู้เขียน:Sayan Sdoodee, Antoine Leconte, Sopon Rongsawat, Jureerat Rukkhun, Thanaporn Huaynui, Hataikan Chinatiam สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractIn southern Thailand, rubber smallholders normally use very intensive tapping systems. This may result in overexploitation, high tapping panel dryness rates and a short production lifespan with low productivity. A “double cut alternative” (DCA) tapping system was tested in Songkhla province, a traditional rubber production area. The aim of the DCA system is to optimize high tapping frequencies by splitting tapping between two different cuts tapped alternately to increase the latex regeneration time in the bark. An on-station trial was started in 2007 at the Thepa Research Station, Songkhla province. The experiment used a “one tree plot design” comprising 20 replicates per treatment with four different treatments in a plot planted in 1999 with the rubber clone RRIM 600. During the fi rst three years of tapping, the DCA treatment T2 led to a 22% increase in yield (kg tree-1) compared with its control (T1). The DCA treatment T4 led to a 16% increase in yield compared with its control (T3). Output per tapping (g tree-1 tapping-1) in the DCA treatments also increased. There was no adverse impact on radial trunk growth, but the two DCA tapping systems led to a 13–19% increase in bark consumption. The results of the on-station trials using the DCA tapping systems were promising, but on-farm trials with farmers in different areas in southern Thailand are needed before this technique can be recommended at a larger scale. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : The Effects of Calcium and Boron Sprays on the Incidence of Translucent Flesh Disorder and Gamboge Disorder in Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.)) ผู้เขียน:Surachart Pechkeo, Sayan Sdoodee, Chairatna Nilnond สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractTwo experimental sites to investigate the effects of Ca and B sprays on the incidence of TFD and GD in mangosteen fruits were established at Nakhon Si Thammarat, southern Thailand. The experiment was designed as factorial design with 2 main factors: 1) fruit positions (outer and inner canopy) and 2) concentrations of Ca and B sprayed (wt/vol) (control (no spray), 5% CaCl2, 10% CaCl2, 5% CaCl2+0.5 mg kg-1B and 10% CaCl2+0.5 mg kg-1B). Ten treatments with 3 replications were completely randomized under field condition. The mangosteen fruits were sprayed at 6, 7 and 8 weeks after blooming. Soil sampling was taken at 2 depths; 0-15 and 15-30 cm, from soil surface around the middle of the tree canopy at blooming period and analyzed for some important chemical and physical properties. Leaves were sampled at blooming and harvesting periods while fruits were sampled at harvesting period. Ca and B concentrations of the leaf, peel and flesh of all treatments were analyzed. Results indicated that the soil textures varied from sandy loam to clay, and the natural soil in mangosteen orchards were very strongly acid to very extremely acid (pH 3.92-4.92, soil:water = 1:5) with very low essential nutrient levels for plant growth. The applications of CaCl2 and H3BO3 could increase Ca and B concentrations in peel and flesh of mangosteen fruits. Spraying with 10% CaCl2 could also increase the percentages of normal fruits (NF), whereas the percentages of defected fruits (TFD and GD) decreased. Spraying 10% CaCl2+0.5 mg kg-1B enhanced the efficiency of Ca to increase the ratio of NF:TFD and GD. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Effect of Climate Variability and Degree-Day on Development, Yield and Quality of Shogun (Citrus reticulata Blanco) in Southern Thailand) ผู้เขียน:Isma-ae Chelong, Sayan Sdoodee สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractClimatic factors and degree-days are normally important in the development, yield and quality of fruits leading to commercial value. However, there has been no investigation of this aspect for shogun (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Hence, the fruit development, yield and quality of shogun under the influence of climatic factors were investigated using the framework of a quadrat cube (0.5 ? 0.5 ? 0.5 m) during two consecutive years (2011–2012). Forty 8-year-old uniform trees, field grown in Yala and Pattani provinces were used. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized design. It was evident that the weather conditions between 2011 and 2012 were different, with the rainfall in 2012 lower. The results showed that fruit yields in Pattani in 2011 and 2012 (38.89 and 36.69 kg per tree, respectively) were significantly (P ? 0.01) higher than those in Yala (27.74 and 18.53 kg per tree, respectively). Comparing 2011 and 2012, fruit yields in Pattani and Yala decreased 5.65 and 33.20%, respectively. The fruit diameters of shogun fruit in Pattani in 2011 and 2012 were 5.63 and 5.62 cm, while in Yala they were 5.02 and 4.98 cm, respectively, with growing degree-days of 3,387 and 2,989, and 3,153 and 2,780, respectively. The fruit quality in Pattani in 2011 and 2012 was better than in Yala based on the weight of fruit, peel and juice and peel thickness, whereas the total soluble solids in Pattani were lower than in Yala. Furthermore, the color of the rind in Pattani was greener than that in Yala. It was suggested that a decrease in the rainfall and soil moisture caused a negative impact on the fruit development, yield and quality of shogun in Yala. Hence climatic variability and degree-days influenced the development, yield and quality. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Screening of Rubber Rootstock by the Assessment of Root Growth and Genetic Background) ผู้เขียน:Suneerat Wattanasilakorn, Sayan Sdoodee, Charassri Nualsri, Satthaya Bunratchoo สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractRubber seedlings from two early-introduced clones (EIRpsu 1 and EIRpsu 2) in southern Thailand were evaluated for root growth performance under field conditions. The two clones had been screened for white root disease tolerance. Genetic analysis of EIRpsu 1 and EIRpsu 2 was compared to RRIM 600 (the major cultivated variety of Hevea rubber in Thailand) using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers with 10 primers. Results from cluster analysis indicated that EIRpsu 2 was closer to RRIM 600 than EIRpsu 1 with similarity coefficients of 0.850, 0.860 and 0.890, respectively. Root growth of EIRpsu1 and EIRpsu2 was monitored at a rubber plantation in Langsuan district, Chumphon province during 2012–2013. Six-month-old seedlings of each clone were transplanted into a rhizobox. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with four replications, with one plant per rhizobox. Shoot growth and root proliferation of the seedlings were recorded at two-monthly intervals from October 2012 to March 2013. The shoot growth was monitored by measuring plant height, trunk diameter and the number of compound leaves. It was found that RRIM 600 exhibited the highest shoot growth under field conditions, and it was significantly different from the other two clones. The root length density was measured by scanning the root systems of each seedling from a panel in the rhizobox. Results showed that the seedlings of EIRpsu 1 and EIRpsu 2 had better root growth than RRIM 600. The spatial distribution of roots indicated a rather deeper root system for the two selected clones. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Physiological Quality and Desiccation Sensitivity of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Seeds during Fruit Maturation) ผู้เขียน:Wipharat Duang-iat, Vichai Wongvarodom, Wullop Santipracha, Sayan Sdoodee สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe physiological quality and desiccation of rubber seeds were investigated during development. Fruits of rubber clone RRIM 600 at different stages of development were collected from a plantation in Nakhon Sri Thammarat province, southern Thailand, during July–August 2012. Seeds of deep green fruit, yellowish-green fruit, brown fruit and from the naturally shedding stage were tested for their weight, moisture content, germination, mean germination time, seedling shoot height, seedling shoot dry weight, electrical conductivity and desiccation tolerance during dry storage. Rubber seeds with high germination ranging from 86.67 to 95.00% were obtained from the yellowish-green fruit, brown fruit and naturally shedding stages. However, the seeds reached physiological maturity at the brown fruit stage with values for seed dry weight, moisture content and germination of 2.93 g per seed, 34.54% and 95.00%, respectively. At the shedding stage, the seeds had a moisture content and a high germination of 22.17% and 91.66%, respectively. The critical moisture content of the seeds was 15% and at this level, they were very short lived (3–7 d in dry conditions). The seeds with a moisture content of about 15% and from 11 to 12% had germination of 58.33–63.34% and 1.67–8.34%, respectively. Therefore, the early collection of the shed seed is recommended to ensure high quality seed is obtained. Such information may be helpful for improving the seed collection or transport procedures and ensuring high seed performance in the seedbed for successful rootstock production. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : The Impact of Climatic Variability on Phenological Change,Yield and Fruit Quality of Mangosteen in Phatthalung Province, Southern Thailand) ผู้เขียน:Sakulrat Apiratikorn, Sayan Sdoodee, ลดาวัลย์ เลิศเลอวงศ์, Sopon Rongsawat สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractSouthern Thailand is a traditional area for tropical fruit plantations. Recently, the phenology in many fruit trees, including mangosteen, has been changed due to climatic variability. Therefore, the impact of climatic variability on phenological change, yield and quality of mangosteen needs to be investigated. In 2008, a study was established in an orchard in Phatthalung province, southern Thailand. Eighteen-year old mangosteen trees with 8 ? 8 m spacing were used to investigate fl owering during the in-season, off-season and even, alternate bearing during three consecutive years (2008–2010). The 30- year weather data from 1981 to 2010 showed trends of change in the annual rainfall, the number of rainy days, and the maximum and minimum temperature. A marked change in rainfall distribution affected the phenological change in fl owering, productivity and fruit quality. In 2008 and 2009, the mangosteen trees experienced the required dry period that regulates fl oral induction before fl owering. Thus, fl owering was found in both the in-season and off-season. However, in 2010, a prolonged drought in summer followed by rain during July–August caused leaf fl ushing instead of fl owering and this resulted in no off-season fruit production. This indicated that climatic variability resulted in a phenological change of mangosteen in Phatthalung province, southern Thailand where there is usually off-season production. In addition, climatic variability affected the fruit yield and fruit quality of mangosteen. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Changes of Plant Nutrients Concentration in Soils and Trees
of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) during
the Fruit Development) ผู้เขียน:Surachart Pechkeo, Sayan Sdoodee, Chairatna Nilnond สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractTranslucent flesh disorder (TFD) and gamboge disorder (GD) are major problems limiting marketable yield of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) in Thailand. The imbalance or deficiency of essential nutrients in soils and plants may cause poor fruit quality. To classify this issues, the pattern of plant nutrient accumulation and nutrient requirement in soils and mangosteen trees during fruit development period were investigated. An experiment was established in a mangosteen orchard with 2 main factors: 1) Fruit positions in the canopy of mangosteen trees (outer and inner canopy fruits) and 2) concentration of plant nutrients in soils and trees. Soil sampling was taken at 2 depths; 0-15 and 15-30 cm from soil surface, around the middle of the tree canopy in blooming and harvesting periods and analyzed for some important chemical and physical properties. Leaves and fruits sampling were taken during fruit development period, every 2 weeks from blooming to harvesting, and analyzed in relation to the changes of soil nutrients. Results indicated that the soil textures varied from sandy loam to sandy
clay loam, and the natural soils in the mangosteen orchard was very extremely acid to moderately acid (pH 4.86-5.61, soil: water=1: 5). Most of the soils in the mangosteen orchard had very low level essential nutrients for plant growth. Mangosteen fruit qualities were not significantly different between the outer and inner canopy fruits. Likewise, most of the plant nutrients accumulation in mangosteen leaf, peel and
flesh were not significantly different between two fruit positions. It was remarkable that nutrient accumulation in the fruit decreased from blooming to harvesting period. Mangosteen (leaf, peel and flesh) required higher amounts of N, P, K, Ca and Mg for growth in the early stage of fruit development period (from bloom to 6th week after bloom) and S and B in the late stage of fruit development period (from 6th week after bloom) compared with other growth periods. Potassium and Ca contents in the peel of normal fruits (NF) were higher than TFD and GD fruits, whereas P and Mg contents in the flesh of TFD fruits were higher than NF and GD fruits. |